For an instance, when you try to boot a Linux based system, it fails and gives the similar error:

“/dev/sda5: UNEXPECTED INCONSISTENCY; RUN fsck MANUALLY

(i.e., without -a or -p options)”

You cannot access the data stored on your hard disk after this error message occurs.

Cause

Boot time ‘Unexpected Inconsistency’ generally occurs due to filesystem defects. Your filesystem might be corrupted. Possible causes for such defects are:

·Improper system shutdown. For performance reasons, a Linux system performs filesystem buffering in its memory. The data written to the buffer memory is updated on the hard drive usually in every 30 seconds. The Linux filesystem might get damaged if an unexpected shutdown takes place while the write process is still running.

·Faulty hardware: A damaged hard disk controller or disk itself can eventually corrupt a file system.

Solution

Below are the steps that you need to undertake to solve the existing issue:

·Use Linux Rescue CD or installation disk to boot the system

·Execute the following command while making sure that the affected disk is not mounted:

e2fsck -f -c -y /dev/sda5

Ø-f option checks the filesystem even if it is appearing consistent

Ø-c options check the disk for bad sectors

Ø-y option answers ‘yes’ to all the questions while making repair

·If e2fsck fails, you need to format the corrupted disk and reinstall Linux. Restore lost data from backup thereafter.

While the unavailability of valid backup, you need to use Linux Recovery applications to search and restore the lost data. Linux Data Recovery tools employ high-end scanning algorithms and are competent to recover data in all set of conditions of logical crash.

Stellar Phoenix Linux Data Recovery is a comprehensive data recovery utility that recovers and restores lost data from Ext2, Ext3 and ReiserFS filesystems. Designed to run safe scanning algorithms, this Linux Recovery tool provides options to restore data at safe location. The software is compatible with most of the Linux distributions.

The mondoarchive command backups a subset of all your files, whole file system, or even the images of non-Linux file systems to tape, ISO images, CDs, or an NFS (Network File System) mount. In case of critical data loss situations, you would be able to easily restore all your data and information, taking your system from mere metal state to its original state if required.

This command-line utility provides following two parameters for different operations-

-O: With this parameter mondoarchive backs up entire file system to the CD, ISO image, tape or to NFS volume. A special boot CD or the boot floppies would be created to enable you to restore data from the bare metal if required.

-V: With this parameter mondoarchive command verifies backup against the live Linux file system. The option might be used in the combination with -O parameter for verifying the backup after its creation, or independently to check how much the live Linux file system has modified since backup was created.

You can call the mondoarchive command without flags for making this auto-detect as many configuration settings as possible, ask you for the rest and then create backup and verify the operating system or the subset thereof.
In order to restore data from backup, you can either run the mondorestore from command line or boot your system from emergency floppies/CD generated while backing up the data. The latter would prove helpful if gremlin wipes the drive.

In case if the backup gets damage or the backup media fails, you can not restore data from backup and need to opt for Data Recovery Linux. The Linux Recovery in such situations is possible through third-party applications.
The tools are known as Linux Data Recovery software. They use high-end scanning techniques to methodically scan the entire hard drive and retrieve all of the lost data. With rich graphical user interface and read-only conduct, the utilities are easy and safe to use.

Stellar Phoenix Linux Data Recovery is the most effective and advanced application for absolute recovery of all your lost data. It recovers data from Ext4, Ext3, Ext2, FAT32, FAT16, and FAT12 file system volumes. The software works well with all major distributions of Linux operating system including Fedora, Ubuntu, SUSE, Red Hat, and Debian.

The cman_tool could be used for joining the nodes to cluster, kill another cluster node, change value of the expected votes of cluster, and leave the cluster. You should be careful while using this application and must understand the consequences of commands issued through cman_tool. They might affect all the nodes in cluster. In most of the cases, this program is invoked by the shutdown and startup scripts. The cman_tool uses various subcommands, which include the following:

Join- It is the major use of the cman_tool. This utility instructs cluster manager to try to join the existing cluster or form a new cluster (if there is not existing cluster). If you do not give any option to the command, it would take cluster configuration information from Cluster Configuration System (CCS).

Kill- Tells the CMAN to kill another node in cluster. It would cause local node to send “KILL” message to the node and it would shut down. If the node had failed, recovery would occur.

Leave- Tells the CMAN to leave cluster. You can’t do it if the subsystems (like GFS and DLM) are active. You need to shutdown CLVM and dismount all the GFS

file systems before using the cman_tool leave. Before applying the force command with this option, you should create backup of all your valuable data as it might cause critical data loss situations and need Data Recovery Linux to handle it.

Linux Recovery is potential through powerful third-party applications, known as Linux Data Recovery software. They use extensive scanning techniques to thoroughly scan whole hard drive and extract all of your valuable data in most of the data loss situations. They have simple graphical user interface and thus do not need sound technical skills to retrieve data.

Stellar Phoenix Linux Data Recovery is an effective tool to ensure absolute recovery in the majority of data loss situations. It supports recovery from Ext4,Ext3, Ext2, FAT32, FAT16 and FAT12 file system volumes. The software works well with all major distributions of Linux including SUSE, Red Hat, Mandriva and Ubuntu.

This is a useful command-line tool in Linux that helps you to carry out quick and easy recovery in case of any damage to your system and data loss. This command enables you to create image of even entire Linux volume and restore it in case of any damage. On new hard drive, target partition is created having same size and structure as of the failed one. Then this utility is used for copying data from source drive.

Although, the process of this command it quite safe and easy, but a minor mistake during operation might cause disastrous situations. Performing low-level operations on hard drive, if the ‘of’ and ‘if’ parameters are get reversed accidentally. This behavior of Linux operating system renders all of your valuable data inaccessible and cause data loss. At this point, you need to perform Linux Recovery by resolving it to access your valuable data.

You much also consider the block size that has to be copied. The cont=noerror, synchronization option that is used to copy data and files, ignores remainder of block and then replaces it with zero bytes. Thus if block size is large, complete Data Recovery Linux could not be guaranteed.

In such situations, you need to methodically scan the entire hard drive using powerful and advanced scanning algorithms. This is best possible using efficient and highly automated third-party Linux Data Recovery software.

The applications come equipped with simple and self-descriptive user interface and thus let you carry out recovery on your own, without demanding sound and prior technical skills. They are built-with read-only and non-destructive conduct and thus do not alter original data on the drive.

Stellar Phoenix Linux Data Recovery is the most effective solution for all your data loss problems. The tool recovers data from all Ext4, Ext3, Ext2, FAT12, FAT16 and FAT32 hard drive volumes. It works well with all major distributions of Linux operating systems including Fedora, Red Hat, Debian, SUSE and Ubuntu.

The /etc/fstab (short form of file system table) is a significant directory of Linux operating system. This is a part of system configuration and it shows all of the available system hard disk, disk volumes and displays how they need to be integrated or initialized in Linux file system. It contains detailed description of various file systems and is generally read by the ‘fsck’ and ‘mount’ commands. Mount command determines the alternatives, which should be used when you mount any drive.

The /etc/mtab (contraction of mounted file systems table) is a Linux directory that lists all the mounted file systems on Linux system. Usually, this is in a predefined format and automatically modified when the mount command is executed to identify the current file system and how it is mounted (whether automatically or manually).

In case when these directories gets damaged, you might not access your data and need Data Recovery Linux to get your lost data back. At the time of corruption, you might encounter the below error message:

“Cannot read table of mounted file systems”

This error message cause critical situations of file and directory inaccessibility in Linux system.

Root of the problem

You might come across this behavior of Linux because of corruption to /etc/mtab or /etc/fstab directories. Due to corruption to these data structures, Linux file system can not be mounted and thus the hard drive volumes become inaccessible.

In all such cases, Linux Data Recovery come for your help. Recovery is best possible using powerful and advanced third-party Linux Recovery software. They employ advanced and effective scanning mechanisms to thoroughly scan the damaged hard drive and extract all of the lost data from it.

The tools have interactive and simple graphical user interface. Thus they do not require sound and prior technical skills to perform recovery. With read-only and non-destructive behavior, the applications are safe to use and do not change original data.

Stellar Phoenix Linux Data Recovery is the most excellent solution for most of the data loss situations. It works well with all Linux file systems including Ext4, Ext3, Ext2 and ReiserFS. The software is compatible with all major distributions of Linux operating system including SUSE, Kubuntu, Red Hat and Debian.